Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Earnings Per Share

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Earnings Per Share
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of the earnings (loss) and shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in thousands, except share data) 2024 2023
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share:
Net income (loss) $ 203,588  $ (176,808)
Dividends on preferred stock (11,784) (12,365)
Gain on repurchase and retirement of preferred stock 644  — 
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating restricted stock units
(1,441) (382)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic
$ 191,007  $ (189,555)
Basic weighted average common shares
103,401,940  92,575,840 
Basic earnings (loss) per weighted average common share
$ 1.85  $ (2.05)
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic
$ 191,007  $ (189,555)
Reallocation impact of undistributed earnings to participating restricted stock units
61  — 
Interest expense attributable to convertible notes 4,619  — 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, diluted
$ 195,687  $ (189,555)
Basic weighted average common shares
103,401,940  92,575,840 
Effect of dilutive shares issued in an assumed vesting of performance share units
361,286  — 
Effect of dilutive shares issued in an assumed conversion
9,210,091  — 
Diluted weighted average common shares 112,973,317  92,575,840 
Diluted earnings (loss) per weighted average common share
$ 1.73  $ (2.05)

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, participating RSUs were included in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share under the two-class method, as it was more dilutive than the alternative treasury stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share was the effect of adding undistributed earnings reallocated to 655,137 weighted average participating RSUs, respectively, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the assumed vesting of outstanding PSUs was included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under the two-class method, as it was more dilutive than the alternative treasury stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share was the effect of adding 304,739 weighted average common share equivalents, related to the assumed vesting of outstanding PSUs, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes was included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share under the if-converted method. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share was the effect of adding back $4.8 million of interest expense and 9,739,120 weighted average common share equivalents, respectively, related to the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.